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  <meta name="description" content="下文主要谈谈气体变质量问题的解决方法与思路。 方法：方法1：巧选研究对象，将变质量转化为定质量例1：如图所示,A、B两容器容积相同,用细长直导管相连,二者均封入压强为P,温度为T的一定质量的理想气体,现使A内气体温度升温至T’,稳定后A容器的压强为多少？  分析：①A加热后，原A中的部分气体（设为ΔV）会转移至B中。对A来说质量减，对B来说质量增。②再次稳定后，A、B的压强仍然相等，设为P‘。">
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          气体变质量问题
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        <p>下文主要谈谈气体变质量问题的解决方法与思路。</p>
<h2 id="方法："><a href="#方法：" class="headerlink" title="方法："></a>方法：</h2><h3 id="方法1：巧选研究对象，将变质量转化为定质量"><a href="#方法1：巧选研究对象，将变质量转化为定质量" class="headerlink" title="方法1：巧选研究对象，将变质量转化为定质量"></a>方法1：巧选研究对象，将变质量转化为定质量</h3><p>例1：如图所示,A、B两容器容积相同,用细长直导管相连,二者均封入压强为P,温度为T的一定质量的理想气体,现使A内气体温度升温至T’,稳定后A容器的压强为多少？</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/aixuewuli/mdpic@main/img202105/1621348509723-1621348509719.png"></p>
<p>分析：①A加热后，原A中的部分气体（设为ΔV）会转移至B中。对A来说质量减，对B来说质量增。<br>②再次稳定后，A、B的压强仍然相等，设为P‘。</p>
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<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/aixuewuli/mdpic@main/img202105/1621348212038-1621348212032.png"></p>
<p>若研究对象选为V-ΔV与V+ΔV,则转化为等质量问题了。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>解：对左边V-ΔV气体有：P(V-ΔV)/T=P<code>V/T</code><br>       对左边V+ΔV气体有：P(V+ΔV) = p`v<br>       联立以上两式可得：P‘=</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="方法2：利用克拉珀龙方程"><a href="#方法2：利用克拉珀龙方程" class="headerlink" title="方法2：利用克拉珀龙方程"></a>方法2：利用克拉珀龙方程</h3><p>例2：某容积为20L的氧气瓶中装有30atm的氧气,把氧气分装到容积为5L的钢瓶中,使每个小钢瓶中氧气的压强为5atm,如果每个小钢瓶中原有氧气的压强为latm共能分装多少瓶?(设分装过程中无漏气,且温度不变，atm意为一个标准大气压)</p>
<p>其方程为pV=nRT。这个方程有4个变量:p是指理想气体的压强,Ⅴ为理想气体的体积,n表示<br>气体物质的量,而T则表示理想气体的热力学温度;还有个常量:R为理想气体常数,对任意理想气体而言,R是定的,约为8.31J/(mol·K)。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>充气前后，物质的量保持不变，则有：<br>    20L×30atm/RT+5L×1atm/RT=20L×5atm/RT+n×5L×5atm/RT<br>    得：n = 25</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="方法3：虚拟中间过程"><a href="#方法3：虚拟中间过程" class="headerlink" title="方法3：虚拟中间过程"></a>方法3：虚拟中间过程</h3><p>还是用例2来讲解方法3。</p>
<p>先分析充气前后，气体的状态。对比这两个状态，然后虚拟一个中间态，将充气前后的气体的压强、温度统一，从而将质量变化转换成体积变化。具体如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/aixuewuli/mdpic@main/img202105/1621348294933-1621348294925.png"></p>
<p>虚拟状态：充气后，压强均为5atm，所以将充气前氧气瓶、钢瓶内的气体状态变化成5atm的虚拟状态。<br>氧气瓶等温变化：20L×30atm=120L×5atm ; 钢瓶等温变化：5L×1atm=1L×5atm;</p>
<p><img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/aixuewuli/mdpic@main/img202105/1621348347638-1621348347630.png"></p>
<h2 id="思路："><a href="#思路：" class="headerlink" title="思路："></a>思路：</h2><blockquote>
<p>气体的质量变化是对某一特定容器在其充气或漏气过程中其内部的气体质量会发生变化，然而我们解题时却不能仅分析这个容器的气体，而是要分析所有相关气体的来龙去脉，然后再用以上方法去解题（优先选方法1）</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="小试牛刀："><a href="#小试牛刀：" class="headerlink" title="小试牛刀："></a>小试牛刀：</h2>
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